Presentation in History of the English Language Essay Example for Free

Presentation in History of the English Language Essay When studying the development of English as a language, it can be argued that early modern English is perhaps the most vital point of reference. This period brings with it a richness in material that provided clues as to how the tongue developed phonetically and geographically from its roots as a secondary, regional language in an arena dominated somewhat by the French language, and largely by Latin. Although the amount of available information isn’t enough to paint a sufficient scenario of the linguistic lay of the land at the time, these materials are a great help in discerning the stages of development of the English language. During the latter age of transition from Middle English, the language was mostly spread about in regions. This period is â€Å". . . notoriously [known] as the time when linguistic variation is fully reflected in the written mode . . . † (Nevalainen 13). Due to the heavy presence of French and Latin as the dominant vernaculars, middle English didn’t have enough room to develop as a real language and was limited to regional variants that were shaped by the grammar rules of the more prominent languages at the time. This was, mostly, due to the lack of standardized spelling – it was difficult to come up with a fixed set of grammar rules if the people didn’t have any idea of how to spell the words to be used in each situation. This changed during the sixteenth century. With the shift to early modern English came the streamlined version of the language, thanks to major standardizations in the way words were spelled throughout various regions. But you can’t ever get rid of local variations in language, and the early form of modern English is no different. Most of the available materials from the period concern themselves mostly with grammar reforms and the instruction of the language. The most curious thing about these documents is that despite dealing with a language that was gaining more and more popularity as a serious vernacular, the method of instruction was still largely conducted in Latin. This proved to be difficult in unifying the language since the two tongues were different from each other both grammatically and in inflection. Alexander Gil wrote Logonomia Anglica in 1619 as an attempt to describe the chief variants of English according to region. These are the general, northern, southern, eastern, western and poetic variants. Interestingly, these are the same regional distinctions of middle English, save for the unifying general vernacular that could be similar to what we call standard English. The weakness in Gil’s study is his partiality to the northern style although this feature gives us an outstanding view of how the morphology of early modern English developed. His renditions of spelling and pronouncing some words are indicative of the Germanic roots of English, including the use of /v/ for /f/ (the example given by Nevalainen is vill for fill). Another method of dialectal segregation was recorded by George Puttenham in The Arte of English Poesie (1589). Here, Puttenham gives us a view of how early middle English was segregated according to social standing, and was focused mostly on improving the aesthetic appeal of the language by identifying the speech of the court and the aristocrats as well-sounding and favorable, as opposed to the speech of a craftsman, or that of the thieves (thieves’ cant). Still, the dominant tongue at the time remained to be Latin, and it was in Latin that the English grammar was taught and written. This was to accommodate foreigners who wished to learn English; these people learned English via the structure of Latin, whereas locals who already practiced English learned Latin through the structure of their mother tongue. The effect of Latin in the grammar manuals during the first part of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were apparent – the use of Latin categories, or at least a system derived from Latin, to describe English grammar left out a chunk of what formed the structural core of English, and while the regional dialects flourished, very little attention was given to them and the focus of learning instead went to the General dialect, which would eventually go on to become the basis for the structure of the language today. A lot of the development that transformed the English language occurred at this time. In Pamphlet for Grammar (1586), William Bullokar gives us insight to the transformation of the personal noun ye into modern-day you. He also noted the possible conversion of the suffix –eth ¬ (e. g. loveth) into the more economical –s pronounced with a /z/-like crescendo. The latter, incidentally, is an example of northern dialect curiosities that made it to the general dialect. The continuous development and popularity of English as a language both written and spoken led to the precursors of modern-day newspapers. Newsletters by eminent individuals were handwritten and sent out as manuscript circulations back in 1620 as a means of spreading important information around. A fair example is the Newdigate Newsletters that were addressed to Sir Richard Newdigate of Warwickshire from the Secretary of State’s office. A selection of the newsletters would go as follows: â€Å"The King of Poland desireing a nearer Correspondence with this Crowne then has been formerly and haveing sent Over to desire his Maty to be godfather to his Daughter, his Maty was preparing to send an Envoy ExtraOrdnary thither to stand for him, when the last post brought news ye young Princess was dead. † (21) This selection, in its original form, contains plenty of scripting nuances of the period – such as superscripts for the abbreviations – and resembled, in all intents and purposes, formal letters of the period. In closing, it is worth to note that while the instruction and growth of English as a language during the early modern period isn’t as clear as we’d like it to be, there really is no denying that this period yielded a huge wealth of material to study. Thanks to works like Gil’s Bullokar’s and the missives to sir Newdigate, we can continue to study and piece together the broken pieces of the puzzle of how today’s universal language evolved into what it is. WORKS CITED Nevalainen, Terttu. Introduction to Early Modern English, An. USA: Oxford University Press, 2006. 12-27

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Executive summary With the arrival of WEB 2.0, business communications are no longer one way, rather, they create interaction between messenger and receiver. An organization’s website allows visitors to share and participate in the discussion. Organizations are increasingly abstaining from releasing all communications at once; rather, they are releasing bites of information in order to create a â€Å"buzz.† Social media captures information, organizes it, and presents it in context. Organizations are imbedding social media applications on their websites for the purpose of gaining business intelligence. Organizations are shaping their business strategies based on this intelligence. It’s important for organizations to understand that as result of social media, a company’s image extends far beyond the contents of its website. Through social media, a single message can go viral very quickly. An organization must be quick on acting upon any measure of success. Just as positive information about a company and its products can go viral, so can negative information as well. Organizations have found the need to create professional teams in charge of monitoring all communications surrounding a company. These communicatons take place on a 24/7 basis. Web 2.0 is serving as an experimental platform for professional communicators. Organizations are hiring software developers to design social media applications that are industry specific and allow consumers to interact with the organization. Organizations are gathering data on consumers through social media channels. Organizations are developing their own communications applications. The communications field has evolved substantially in the last decade. The arrival of new technologies has transla... ...ating a vast number of professional opportunities for people entering the field and for those with prior professional experience. For professionals who have learned to use all of the tools brought on by WEB 2.0, it’s translated into professional advancement. On the other hand, professionals who have chosen not to participate in the technological frenzy are not being promoted and their careers have stalled. For professionals like Anne Canty, the arrival of WEB 2.0 has given her a change to â€Å"put into action, management philosophies that she longed embraced, and also a chance to learn how to work with social media.† Although Canty believes that there will always be professional opportunities for those with good writing and listening skills, video editing and infographics(See bottom of page 5) are two areas where she believes â€Å"there will be increasing amounts of work.†

Preventing Workplace Discrimination Essay

â€Å"Discrimination undermines employee loyalty, destroys employee morale, and reduces productivity and work quality. It can also lead to costly and painful lawsuits and do irreparable harm to a company’s reputation† (Guerin & DelPo, 2007, p. 119). Preventing workplace discrimination, therefore, is important to companies because this will make an organization stronger and will provide the employees a more harmonious working environment. Discrimination can take several forms and there are more than one way of managing such situations, which was demonstrated by the simulation exercise. One of the discriminating actions a company can show is by not accommodating people with disabilities because they believe that these people are not as competent and skillful as people who do not have disabilities. The simulation had an exercise where in job advertisements were shown and the user had to determine the phrases that can come across as discriminating. One of the phrases in the simulation stated that the company needed an employee that was â€Å"fully mobile to run around to meet client needs,† which was discriminating to people with disabilities, specifically those who are in wheelchairs. This exercise teaches companies not to judge employees based on their physical abilities. If a person wishes to apply for a certain position, the company should allow him or her and see if he or she is capable of doing the required tasks without his or her disability becoming in the way of his or her work. The job advertisement exercise also required the user to determine a discriminating phrase regarding drug use and abuse wherein future employees will be required to submit to drug testing. There is nothing wrong with wanting to know if a person has drug problems because it will ultimately be for the best of the company. However, this should not be included in job advertisements because one, it is discriminating, and two, pre-employment tests usually cover drug testing so the company should not worry about it. It is also important for companies to determine a job-seeker’s attitude regarding work to see if he or she has the same drive that the company is looking for. No one wants to hire someone who has no passion for the work that he or she applying for. This will only be a waste of time and money for both parties. The simulation demonstrated this by including some facts about the five applicants that were shortlisted for the positions. Information like religious beliefs and practices and personal stands regarding important national issues are included for the benefit of the human resource department. Title VII can definitely override the employment environment and conditions detailed in a written employment contract between an employer and an employee because title VII is a federal law and should be followed no matter what the written employment contract indicates. In addition, employees should not agree to a written employee contract that does not conform to the conditions that are stated in title VII because this can only lead to legal problems in the future when they encounter discriminating practices in the workplace environment. In conclusion, companies need to remember that they have to adhere to the conditions that are stated in title VII to avoid costly lawsuits and prevent their reputation from being destroyed. They have to provide a fair and unbiased working environment to employees, future or tenured, to maintain a structured organization that will work toward the success of the company. Reference

Masculinity Masculinity And Masculinity Essay - 1623 Words

The following phrase are a string of words that no heterosexual man wants to hear, â€Å"You’re acting like a girl!† To a straight or heterosexual man those words would be a shot to his manhood. To most men and boys in western society, masculinity is what separate the men from the women and the boys from the girls. However, what is masculinity and why do most men and boys’ try so hard to guard theirs? My understanding of masculinity, and as technically defined, is having customary qualities attributed to or usually applicable to a male. My position is that society encourages hegemonic masculinity thus forming basis for males to exhibit traditional masculine qualities to fit in, most women prefer men with these traditional masculine characteristics or qualities, and men try to assert their masculinity so they are not considered feminine. In the next few paragraphs, I will to take you on a journey on why masculinity is important to the communication of gender ident ity from a heterosexual point of view. Origin To understand the masculinity you must know of its etymology. As etymonline.com explains it, the term masculinity or more specifically â€Å"masculine† an adjective originated from the mid-14th century defined as â€Å"belonging to the male grammatical gender.† In the late 14th century meaning of men, male, from Old French term masculin of the male sex (12th century), from Latin masculinus male, of masculine gender, from masculus male, masculine; worthy of a man, diminutive ofShow MoreRelatedMasculinity : Masculinity And Masculinity1850 Words   |  8 Pagesin which femininity and masculinity play a role in society. At the end of World War II, there were many interpretations on what it meant to be a man† most notably for soldiers returning home from the war whom were either unemployed, handicap and/or suffering from PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). Film and television acted as pivotal agents that influenced a change in the way masculinity was defined. They explored social values as they refer to the ideas of masculinity and femininity by reflectingRead MoreMasculinity : Masculinity And Masculinity851 Words   |  4 Pages Masculinity At its Manliest In both Douglas Schrock and Michael Schwalbe’s Men, Masculinity, and Manhood Acts and Sharon Bird’s Welcome to the Mens’s Club, we see compelling arguments for the treatments on the categories of â€Å"masculinity.† By comparing both articles, the significant similarities and differences between the two variations can be identified. In doing so, the function of â€Å"masculinity† in society, according to each author, can also beRead MoreMasculinity : Masculinity And Masculinity1769 Words   |  8 Pages Masculinity There are different ways for men become masculine, people can teach them or let them figure it out when growing up. Masculinity is usually described as being strong, manly, or dominate. It is also used when someone is describing men and how masculine they are. Many people use the word â€Å"masculine† to describe a man and put them into a category if they see that he fits. Many people believe that boys should not be brought up by punishing them if they did not do something masculine. TheyRead MoreHegemonic Masculinity : Masculinity And Masculinity926 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Masculinities The certain qualities a man processes plays into how masculine he is rated to be. The way he portrays himself in his looks, actions and everyday life paints a bigger picture for the type of male he is. Connell argues that hegemonic masculinity is the ultimate goal that men strive for. Hegemonic masculinity is the idea of men being powerful, strong and dominant. Not many people actually live up to this theory, but nearly all men strive to achieve it. Marginalized masculinity andRead MoreMasculinity : Masculinity And Violence Essay2278 Words   |  10 PagesMasculinity and violence Violence is a mechanism of coercive control that is used to maintain and reinforce gender difference and hierarchy. Building on Lynch s (2009) claim that hegemonic masculinity is toxic to both the men and women left in its wake this essay aims to explore the relationship between hegemonic masculinity and violence. Placing a specific focus on acts of intimate partner violence and mass shootings, and exploring the works of Lynch (2009), Keith (2011), Baugher, GazmararianRead MoreHegemonic Masculinity : Masculinity And Masculinity1092 Words   |  5 Pages‘hegemonic masculinity’ and ‘the field of masculinity’ depicted in this film. ‘Hegemonic masculinity’, which is proposed by Connell (1987), is assumed to ‘the pattern of practice (i.e., things done, not just a set of role expectations or an identity) that allowed men’s dominance over women to continue.’ (Connell and Messerschmidt 2005, p.832) However, hegemonic masculinity h as strong influence not only over women, but also over other men as Demetriou (2001, p.341) states. Hegemonic masculinity dominatesRead MoreMasculinity And Masculinity, By Michael Kimmel Essay1976 Words   |  8 Pagesmen are often subject to extreme methods of proving their masculinity, and to reinforce what it truly means to be a man. Michael Kimmel, famous sociologist said, â€Å"Masculinity is the relentless repudiation of the feminine† (Kimmel, 2015), which not only reflects how men think about themselves but how North Americans as an entire culture think about masculinity and manhood. The following pages will be centered on issues of the lens of masculinity in contexts such as the sphere of education, the predominanceRead MoreToxic Masculinity : Substance Masculinity1921 Words   |  8 PagesAs a boy grows into a man he faces the ever-raising mountain of masculinity. In regards to the occurrence, he finally reaches maturity he has no choice but in order to fight to re tain his measly sense of manhood. He is not allowed to act feminine or else he’s not man enough, he can’t show his emotions, he has to hide that he can do anything a woman can do sans give birth. Boys grow up being told they are not allowed to cry and that they are supposed to be tough, that they are not able to be likeRead MoreHegemonic Masculinity : Masculinity And Masculinity2351 Words   |  10 PagesWhat is hegemonic masculinity? What are the merits and shortcomings of this concept? In Connell’s original conception, hegemonic masculinity can be understood as ‘the pattern of practice that allowed men’s dominance over women’ (1987). Hegemonic masculinity is the exclusive masculinity of which only a few exhibit. The majority of men in fact experience complicit masculinity, allowing them to dominate in the patriarchal system in which it created. Connell (1987) believed it was this that createdRead MoreMasculinity And Social Construction Of Masculinity1461 Words   |  6 Pagesuninterested in sexual conquest, and so forth† (Itulua-Abumere 42). The presented concept of masculinity presumes that one has to believe in individual difference and personal agency. So, it is based on the concept of individuality that emerged in early-modern Europe, together with the increase of capitalist economic relations and colonial empires. Further, the conception is also inherently relational. Masculinity only exists in coherence with femininity. If a culture does not treat men and women as carriers

Belgium A Small Country Just West Of France - 1182 Words

Belgium is a small country just west of France with a membership to the EU since its beginning. The Physiography of Belgium is very much the same throughout its 1,385 km of land, consisting mainly of flat lowlands with a coastal plain in the northwest of it just touching the North Sea, though there is a series of wooden plateaus called the Ardennes covering the Belgian regions of Luxembourg, Namur, and Lià ¨ge. The land has a Temperate Midlatitude/ Marine West Coast climate, which means that it has warm, moist summers and cool (but not cold winters). The culture of Belgium has a strong tradition of fine food, the most famous being waffles (popular as a meal and/or snack) and moules frites (mussels with French fries), as well as some famous chocolatiers and light alcoholic beverages. Belgium’s rich heritage allows for festivals that focus on the history of the region and its culture, such as the â€Å"dragon† battle in the town of Mons and the Procession of the Holy Blood, where there is a modern continuation of medieval times. However, there are flaws within this small nation. Having one of the densest populations in Europe, there are sure to be quite a population of immigrants within its borders (10.4% in 2013). But, not many Belgium employers are willing to do much with these foreigners. In 2013, the unemployment rate in the country was only 8%, but it was 18.2% for foreign-born residents. Likewise, the employment rate of natives aged 20-64 was 67.6%, but only 40.4% forShow MoreRelatedBismark and German Terrority Expansion 1541 Words   |  6 Pagesarrangement. As with the fifteenth century, Leopold II established the Congo Free State was for personal benefit. Although could be argued Leopold did want to improve the status of Belgium, he certainly disguised his intentions for Congo both domestically and internationally. In letter to First Minister of Belgium in 1889, Leopold made the point if Congo was ruled by an influential nation it ‘would march to a rapid and certain development’. Furthermore, Leopold believed Congo subsequently ‘hasRead MoreLeague of Nations Failures1246 Words   |  5 Pageswhere it went wrong. These failures, especially in the 1930’s, cruelly exposed the weaknesses of the League of Nations and played a part in the outbreak of World War Two in 1939. During the 1920’s the failures of the League of Nations were essentially small-scale and did not threaten world peace. However they did set a marker – that the League of Nations could not solve problems if the protagonists did not à ¢â‚¬Ëœplay the game’. Article 11 of the League’s Covenant stated: Any war or threat of war is a matterRead MoreThe Battle Of Mons During World War I Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe German armies and the Allied armies clashed along the France/ Belgian and France/ German borders. The BEF were stationed to the left of the Allied line stretching from Alsace-Lorraine in the east to Mons and Charleroi in the south. The BEF in this area consisted of II Corps lining the Mons-Conde Canal and I Corps positioned to the right along the Mons–Beaumont Road. The German 1st army was in position to invade into France through Belgium. During the initial planning phases of the â€Å"Great War† theRead MoreWorld War 1 Peace Conference1094 Words   |  5 Pagesplace in 1919 to set the peace terms for the defeated Central powers. Three men took charge called ‘The Big Three’ and they were President Woodrow Wilson of the United States, Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Great Britain and George Clemenceau of France. The Conference was initially planned as a pre-meeting to set the terms of what they were going to ask from Germany, but the pre-meeting quickly became the meeting where the decisions were made because they each had different ideas about what theRead MoreEssay on The Jewish Partisans of The Holocaust1146 Words   |  5 Pagesall of it into one paper. Due to this, I will only cover the specifically Jewish Partisan fighters. The movements are divided into two groups of Eastern and Western Fighters. Partisans fought in almost every European country including but not limited to Belgium, Poland, Russia, France, Italy, Greece, and Lithuania. â€Å"A partisan is a member of an organized body of fighters who attack or harass an enemy, especially within occupied territory; a guerrilla.† The Jewish partisans were mostly teenagersRead MoreThe Air Defense Of France1123 Words   |  5 Pages AIR DEFENSE OF FRANCE SGT Garza, Mikeal L. 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You cannot expect to rank in the world’sRead MoreWoodrow Wilson1206 Words   |  5 Pagesthat there be absolute freedom of navigation on the seas and on the outside of territorial waters. This refers to navigation under the three conditions: General peace, a general war, and limited war. The first condition, that there be general peace, just means that they have the freedom to come and go on the seas. The second condition, a general war, discusses that if a war occurs against an outlaw nation there must be completely no contact intended. The last condition, limited war, determines ifRead More The Battle of France2514 Words   |  11 Pagescontrol the western countries in Europe. Hitler had long been obsessed with attacking and controlling France. After their defeat in World War I, the German people, government, and military were humiliated by the enormous post war sanctions leveraged against them from the Treaty of Versailles. Hitler wanted to defeat and humiliate the French people in the same way that his country had to experience. For him, revenge was necessary. The German plan was to swing into France using a new tactic knowRead MoreWorld War One Research Paper1564 Words   |  7 Pages Caputo/Lenkey 12/12/15 World War One The Triple Alliance was a military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy formed on March 20th 1882. Each country promised support in the event of attack. Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the heir of the throne of Austria-Hungary; he hoped that his sympathy for the Slavs would ease the tension between Austria-Hungary and the Balkans. Ferdinand and his wife

Analysis Of Our Fear Of Immigrants By Adam Smith - 801 Words

Jeremy Adam Smith’s â€Å"Our Fear of Immigrants† proposes a sympathetic outlook towards immigrants. Smith wants the disgust and loathe of citizens to stop, and instead for them to start retaining empathy for newcomers. While reading the article, there is a sense of fear that people hold for immigrants. Many of these fears are mainly blamed on many motives such as psychological reasoning, genetic cognitive, and social status. Although Smith provides plenty logic behind the behavior of citizens, there should also be the point of view behind the immigrants themselves. Smith’s article â€Å"Our Fear of Immigrants† starts by offering reasoning for why people do fear immigrants, and seems to suggest that sparse feelings for competent and emotional†¦show more content†¦Smith is trying to engage with the readers’ feelings and trigger emotion (750). Research from numerous psychologist experts is also mentioned various times. These psychologists are those such as Princeton psychologist Susan Fiske, University of California psychology professor Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton who studies and shares stereotypes and intergroup relations as well as psychologist Dachen Keltner who studies impact of power differences on human relationships, and psychologist Daryl Cameron from University of Iowa who discusses the differences between in and out groups (751-757). Also mentioned is evidence from colleague, Mark Schaller, from University of British of Columbia who claims biological cognitive for the fear of immigrants bringing disease (752). Sm ith offers a different resource which is an actual statement made in an interview by the mayor of Murrieta, Alan Long, who declared that immigrants are contagious (752). Another important detail mentioned in the article is xenophobia with adequate evidence that is given by scientists and researchers including their studies (753). Throughout the story there many indications made about the treatment that citizens give immigrants. As seen above Smith uses many sources to prove his point, but it seems that he lacks to provide a point of view for the opposing side. His reasoning is valid when he discusses many explanations behind the fear that citizens have for the newcomers. The sources that he usesShow MoreRelatedOur Fear Of Immigrants By Jeremyere Adam Smith Analysis738 Words   |  3 Pages Learned or Instinctive Trait In â€Å"Our fear of Immigrants† by Jeremy Adam smith, the author recalls a story about a young elementary student that got deported during Christmas break. Immigration has always been a controversial topic in this country. Many have different views on why deportation is beneficial and why it is not. In this instance Rodrigo Guzman’s classmates were saddened and confused about why their classmate and dear friend had gotten sent to another country for no apparent reasonRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Illegal Immigration1964 Words   |  8 Pagesthe news as well as the White House? According to the Migration Policy Institute there are approximately 11 million illegal immigrants living in the United States. These men, women and children enter the country illegally, with the purpose of living a better life. These people are willing to enter America in ghastly fashions, a perfect example are the undocumented immigrants that recently fled from Mexico. The migrants took off o n rafts through Rio Grande and eventually made it into the back of aRead MoreThe Politics of Massachusetts throughout the Ages Essay3165 Words   |  13 PagesPolitics of Massachusetts The Constitution Drafted in 1779, the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts is the oldest functioning written constitution in the world. Drafted by none other than John and Samuel Adams, along with John Bowdoin, it served as a model for our own nations Constitution. It features a structure, composed of chapters, sections and articles, vastly more organized than any other state constitution of its time. Within this document, rights of the citizens, and theRead MoreHow Cultural Psychology Impacts Nonverbal Communication1943 Words   |  8 PagesHow Cultural Psychology Impacts Nonverbal Communication How we communicate directly impacts how we express ourselves to the world around us. Verbal communication is key in understanding our world and expressing our own feelings and beliefs to that world. Yet, verbal communication is not the only form of communication we encounter on a daily basis. In fact, nonverbal communication also plays an important role in expressing emotions, beliefs, and can even reinforce social ranking and statuses.Read MoreGlobalization and It Effects on Cultural Integration: the Case of the Czech Republic.27217 Words   |  109 Pagesdistinct from one another. However, with advent of the process of globalization, there is now the integration and homogenization of cultures. â€Å"Homogenization of cultures is the loss of diversity of culture between two or more cultural groups†. 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Despite all of these obstacles he had to overcome, Friedman received a scholarship to Rutgers University and got his B.A., an M.A. in 1933 from the University of Chicago, and a Ph.D. in 1946Read More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesBUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of AmericaRead MoreAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesfor the native people and the immigrant population to blend and create a thriving and successful atmosphere both sides need to develop some sort of intercultural tolerance and understanding of the differences that may exist between them. An example of poor intercultural understanding, or one based simply on stereotypes, is offered by the town of Herouxville in Quebec, Canada. A declaration issued by the town in January 2007, which was designed to inform immigrants, that the way of life which theyRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesStates of America 2 4 6 8 9 7 5 3 1 C ONTENTS Introduction Michael Adas 1 1 World Migration in the Long Twentieth Century †¢ Jose C. 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Nursing Informatics Free Essays

Computers are becoming increasingly essential in the workplace. A vast majority uses internet or email at work. In addition, employees around the world also use computers for graphics and design, programming, calendar and scheduling. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Informatics or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is done by using word processing, spreadsheet and database applications or software. They are used mostly by managers or for people in customer, technical, sales or administrative support departments. Fewer operators, laborers and fabricators use the computer in their workplace.Computers greatly help in retrieving, gathering, storing, processing information. Most importantly, they help in making big decisions. Clinical and Nursing Services have greatly benefited from the use of computers. As technological progress takes place it promises to revolutionize healthcare completely. It will provide quicker and direct solutions to patient care. For e.g. it will shorten the time period of documentation and access to data of patient. The implementation of light pens, touch screens, handwriting, voice recognition applications and bar codes, in hospitals will make using computers easier for nurses. Computers can also help in planning nursing care which will include the patients health history, adminstered medicines, dosage therapy and precribed diet. Pateints will be provided the best care with the introduction of a computerized nurse care plan. The use of computers can help in interpretatation and the monitoring of various Physiological Variables. The Cardic rate, B.P and T.P.R of the patient can be assessed from computer assistance. Computers can also calculate the correct drug dosage according to the patient’s age, weight and his body surface area. Another benfit is that computers can help in forecasting the number of nurses needed at a particlar time or date. Their nursing schedules can be made keeping in mind their patient load, numbers of operations performed, location, availability and acuteness. Lastly, computers store and record data about admissions, materials, personnel, inventories, billing, payroll, insurance and discharges as well. In my opinion computers make things easier overall for the nursing profession. It greatly reduces human errors, manual paper work and documentation. In this way they spare time for more eveideence based, professional, knowledge-driven and personalized patient care. As a nurse I wiill be able to help save more lives by the knowledge and understanding of Nursing Informatics. References: Ramachandra, Hooli, S (Feb 2003). Computers in Nursing. Retrieved May 31, 2007, from http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa4036/is_200302/ai_n9233244 The Digital Workplace. (n.d). National telecommunications and Information Administration. Retrieved May 31, 2007, from http://www.ntia.doc.gov/ntiahome/dn/html/Chapter6.htm    How to cite Nursing Informatics, Essay examples Nursing Informatics Free Essays NUT 724. 4. 3-01-08 (name) Western Governors University NUT 724. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Informatics or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4. 3-01-08 Health care costs are rising, quality of care is declining, lines and waiting times are getting longer which is causing more errors in healthcare. But the healthcare reform is working on changing all of that and bringing the countries healthcare into the 21st century. This paper will explore how computerized healthcare systems increase quality of care, keep patient information accessible yet safe, the challenges on costs, and will compare two separate systems and evaluate each with a recommendation of one for use. Quality of care is important for anyone who accesses the healthcare system. This can become difficult when patients are seen in different healthcare systems, or even from the primary care setting to the hospital setting. Computerized management systems (CMS) make a patients visit to any area safer. Any provider with access can see all of the patient’s records at any given time and in an organized fashion. Providers will have prior tests, medications, and past medical history all at their fingertips to provide more accurate care and quicker care. All of this will lead to fewer mistakes and quicker diagnosis. If continuity of care is increased, quality of care will also be increased. Nursing involvement in the development of CMS is extremely important. The ratio of nurses to any other hospital staff using the system is much greater, thus nursing should have the biggest influence on planning and use. Nursing staff is well aware of any faults with paper records as many hours are spent on clinical documentation and not on patient care (Rein, 2011, para. 3). Nursing staff is also on the ‘frontline’ listening to the complaints and concerns from patients. They know what it would take to improve the communities view on healthcare. Nurses are also the ones who can convey a more positive attitude about the system if they have been involved in design and implementation. A Harris poll in 1999 showed that â€Å"92 percent of the public said they trust information about health care provided by registered nurses, ranking nurses just 1 percentage point below physicians† (Rein, 2011, para. 9). Handheld devices used with CMS can optimize care given to patients because patient information can be accessed anytime and anywhere via wireless technology. A hardwired computer is not needed in order to access the information. Quality of care is improved because of even quicker access to records, tests, and labs. PDA use can not only streamline nursing, but also give them access to electronic resources to increase efficiency and reduce errors (Johnson, 2008, para. 16). Security is a big concern when it comes to computerized patient records. Prior to the Health and Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (â€Å"HIPAA†) from 1996, there were few standards in place to protect health information (â€Å"HIPPA,† 2013, para. 1) In 2006, congress passed the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (â€Å"HITECH†) Act, which applied more severe punishment for HIPPA violations (â€Å"HIPPA,† 2013, para. 3) Institutions have to go to great lengths to ensure patient information remains safe and secure. Policies and procedures must be in effect and then employees must be held accountable to them. Access to records must be controlled. Only those who need to have access should be able to access records. Unique user identification methods should be in place to maintain this and they should have automatic log off timing to prevent unauthorized persons from seeing records. Institutions should also perform routine audits of accesses in order to prevent HIPPA violations. This should include network security audits and risk assessments. Mobile devices are also being used more and these devices should be encrypted. Complying with HIPPA standards maintains trust and prevents breaches of information (â€Å"HIPPA,† 2013, para. 5). EMR is a costly project costing possibly hundreds of thousands of dollars spent on licenses, hardware, implementation, and support and maintenance (â€Å"EMR benefits,† 2012, para. 10). While the upfront costs are quite large, the later benefits are huge. EMR is essentially a paperless system, therefore, reducing the paper need of an institution to near zero percent. This alone can save upwards of thousands of dollars a month (â€Å"EMR system cost,† 2011, para. 2). Productivity will also be increased due to more streamlined and organized processes with many tasks being automatically done by the EMR (â€Å"EMR system cost,† 2011, para. 2). Even though implementing EMR will essentially cut down on medical errors and improve efficiency, there are two areas that are of main concern with regards to cost: improved billing and internal cost control (Haig, 2009, p. 2). The biggest problem with EMRs will be to maintain the same level of care and not compromise care as a result of cost effectiveness. EMR Comparison (http://ehr-software. indthebest. com/compare/76-224/Centricity-EMR-vs-EpicCare-Inpatient-Core-EMR-Spring-2008) Centricity EMRvs. Epic (core EMR spring 2008) Platform Mobile Phone/Device? x Web Based? x Supported Architectures? ? Client/Server? ? Mobile Devices? ? Web Services? x Hosting Model Application Service/SaaS? x Customer Hostedx ? Specialty Allergy/Immunology? x Cardiology? ? Dermatology? x Emergency Medicine? x Endocrinology? x Gastroenterology? x General Surgery? x Hematology/Oncology? x Infectious Disease? x Internal Medicine? x Nephrology? x Neurology? x OB-GYN + x Orthopedic Surgery? x Pediatrics x ? Podiatry ? ? Psychiatryx ? Pulmonology? x Radiology? x Urology ? x Practice Size any any EMR Features Chart management? ? Electronic prescribing? x Patient portal? x Reminders? x Report Management? x Workflow? x Security Features Automatic Logoff? x Backup ? x Emergency Access? x Encrypted data transfer? x Password Protection? x Support Brochures? x Email ? ? Forums ? x Online ? ? Phone x ? System Upgrades? x Yes = + No = x Based on the chart above, Centricity would be recommended for implementation. As shown, Centricity has many more features and would be very helpful when used by specialty areas. They would be able to create and chart based on their needs, not just the general forms used by the whole hospital. The security features are also a plus when considering meaningful use and HIPPA regulations. Centricity also offers many options when it comes to support which will be especially beneficial during the planning and implementation phases. Overall it would be very difficult to get a system that has everything one institution needs with nothing extra. There is no such thing as an exact fit. But Centricity does seem to have the most options available to get the best fit. References EMR Benefits and Return on Investment Categories. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. informatics-review. com/wiki/index. php/EMR_Benefits_and_Return_on_Investment_Categories EMR system: Cost effective and financially beneficial for the medical practice. (2011). Retrieved from http://www. medi101. com/2011/08/emr-system-cost-effective-and-financially-beneficial-for-the-medical-practice/ HIPAA Compliance and Data Protection. (2013). Retrieved from http://www. intronis. om/resources/whitepapers/HIPAA-compliance. php Haig, S. (2009, March 5). Electronic Medical Records: Will They Really Cut Costs? []. Time. Retrieved from http://www. time. com/time/health/article/0,8599,1883002-2,00. html Johnson, C. (2008). Nurses and the Use of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) at the Point of Care. Scroll, Essays on the Design of Electronic Text. Toronto, Canada. Rein, A . (2011, December 6). Early and Often: Engaging Nurses in Health IT [Blog post]. Retrieved from http://www. rwjf. org/en/blogs/human-capital-blog/2011/12/early-and-often-engaging-nurses-in-health-it. html How to cite Nursing Informatics, Papers